, 1997). While there

appears to be no neuronal loss, there is evidence for glial cell loss and smaller neuronal cell nuclei (Rajkowska, 2000 and Stockmeier et al., 2004), which is consistent with a shrinking Raf inhibitor of the dendritic tree described above after chronic stress. Indeed, a few studies indicate that pharmacological treatment may reverse the decreased hippocampal volume in unipolar (Vythilingam et al., 2004) and bipolar (Moore et al., 2000) depression, but the possible influence of concurrent cognitive-behavioral therapy in these studies is unclear. Depression is more prevalent in individuals who have had adverse early life experiences (Anda et al., 2010). BDNF may be a key feature of the depressive state and elevation of BDNF by diverse treatments ranging from antidepressant drugs to regular physical activity may be a key feature of treatment (Duman and Monteggia, 2006). Yet, there are other potential applications, such as the recently reported ability of fluoxetine to enhance recovery from stroke (Chollet et al., 2011). However, a key aspect of this new view (Castren and Rantamaki, 2010) is that the drug is opening a “window of opportunity” that may be capitalized by a

positive behavioral intervention, e.g., behavioral therapy in the case of depression or the intensive physiotherapy to promote neuroplasticity to counteract the effects of a stroke. This is consistent with animal model work that shows that ocular dominance imbalance from early monocular deprivation can be reversed by patterned light exposure 3-deazaneplanocin A in vitro in adulthood that can be facilitated by fluoxetine, on the one hand (Vetencourt et al., 2008) and food restriction, on the other hand (Spolidoro et al., 2011). Investigations of underlying mechanisms for the re-establishment of a new window of plasticity are focusing on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission and removing molecules that put the “brakes” on such

plasticity next (Bavelier et al., 2010). It is important to reiterate that successful behavioral therapy, which is tailored to individual needs, can produce volumetric changes in both prefrontal cortex in the case of chronic fatigue (de Lange et al., 2008), and in amygdala, in the case of chronic anxiety (Holzel et al., 2010). This reinforces two important messages: i. that plasticity-facilitating treatments should be given within the framework of a positive behavioral or physical therapy intervention; and ii. that negative experiences during the window may even make matters worse (Castren and Rantamaki, 2010). In that vein, it should be noted that excess BDNF also has the ability to promote pathophysiology, such as seizures in some instances (Heinrich et al., 2011, Kokaia et al., 1995 and Scharfman, 1997). Beyond recognizing resilience as “achieving a positive outcome in the face of adversity”, the flexibility of the brain based upon healthy architecture emerges as a primary consideration.

General physical examination of the patient revealed a palpable and tender mass located at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The rest of examinations were unremarkable. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and biochemical analysis were all within normal limits. Plain radiograph of the pelvis was performed and shows ill-defined lytic bony lesion with wide zone of transition seen in the left femoral neck (Fig. 1). No associated fracture line is seen. No soft tissue component is identified. The appearance of the lesion is aggressive, and the differential diagnosis is wide which include primary or secondary malignancy. The patient www.selleckchem.com/products/r428.html was referred to the orthopedic oncology team,

and plan was made for bone biopsy

for histologic confirmation. After patient consent, bone biopsy was taken from the previously described lesion by the orthopedic oncology team and the specimen send to the pathology department for histologic analysis. The result of the pathology department was provided and shows poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma with possible primary such as lungs and kidneys. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was then requested for further assessment, looking for primary source. The CT shows massively enlarged left kidney. The renal parenchyma is replaced by multiple low attenuating areas associated with thinning of the renal cortex. There is large stag-horne calculus obstructing the renal hilum. Multiple nonobstructing Dabrafenib order renal stones are also seen. Delayed images were obtained and why show no renal execration. So, the constellations of enlarged and obstructed nonfunctioning kidney with multiple low attenuating masses replacing the renal parenchyma are in keeping with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (Figs. 2 and

3) (XGP). Focal hyperdense soft tissue mass is identified at the lower pole of the left kidney with central foci of calcification resembling focal thickening of the renal cortex (Figs. 2 and 3). After that, positron emission tomographic scan was requested for complete patient work up. The positron emission tomography-computed tomography shows enlarged left kidney with extensive hydronephrosis. Multiple hypodense renal masses are seen replacing the renal parenchyma associated with low metabolic activity. The wall of the masses shows fludeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity. There is focal soft tissue density in the midpole of the left kidney that shows FDG hypermetabolism with standard uptake value of approximately 11.8. Another soft tissue density is also noted in the lower pole of the left kidney with intense FDG uptake and standard uptake value of approximately 23. Hypermetabolic bone lesions suggestive of metastasis are also seen involving T vertebral body and T2. FDG avid lesions are also seen involving the left humerus, left acetabulum, right acetabulum, left superior pubic rami, and left femoral neck.

(17.5%) [5]. This can most likely be explained by a potential selection bias due to small patient numbers in these studies. The numerically decreasing prevalence of left dominance and codominant coronary dominance indicates a worse prognosis accompanying these variants. We hypothesized

that one explanation could be the larger myocardial area at risk in case of an acute myocardial infarction, especially in cases with left main stem involvement. Infarct size has been identified as a predictor for worse outcomes [10]. Other possible mechanisms explaining a worse prognosis might be coronary artery length and lumen diameter. It has been described that patients with a smaller lumen diameter of the RCA are prone to right ventricular ischemia [11]. We were not able to measure the diameter of the arteries in relation to coronary dominance. We hypothesize that patients with smaller-diameter click here LCX are prone to left ventricular ischemia in case of left dominance. It has also been observed that the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is longer and more frequently wraps around the apex in cases of left coronary dominance compared with right coronary dominance [12]. If this is also true for balanced systems, this could lead to an increased FGFR inhibitor myocardial area at risk in case of a left

dominant or balanced system in a patient with a stenosis in the LAD. Myocardial bridging, in which a segment of an epicardial artery is covered by myocardium [13], appears to be more common in hearts with left coronary dominance. Potential clinical implications of myocardial bridging may vary from protection against atherosclerosis to systolic vessel compression and subsequent exercise-related myocardial ischemia. Therefore, the combined role of myocardial bridging and coronary dominance for the prognosis of the patients is difficult to elucidate. Finally, the relation between severity of CAD and coronary dominance has been studied. It was shown that patients with a right dominant system have a

slightly higher tendency toward three-vessel disease compared with the left-dominant patients [6]. These results could potentially weaken the relation between the left dominant and balanced systems and worse prognosis. However, this relation through might be more complicated because, with left dominance, the left ventricle and a part of the right ventricle are supplied by the left coronary artery. Thus, atherosclerotic disease of the left coronary artery may be considered equivalent to three-vessel disease. We note that this relation requires confirmation in another cohort. Several limitations of our analysis deserve mention. First, although autopsy is routinely performed in our center, permission from relatives is required. This could potentially lead to selection bias. Second, the exclusion of nonevaluable coronary angiographs could have resulted in bias if one of the dominance variants is associated with more severe atherosclerosis.

They can be cultivated under extreme pH conditions and these species produce extracellular enzymes that are resistant to high pH and/or high

temperature conditions. 1 and 2 Since enzymes produced by alkalophiles are active in the alkaline pH range, they are found to be most suitable in detergent formulations. The search for new species of microbes having the ability to produce industrially important enzymes with novel properties is a continuous process. The aim of this study was to search for alkalophilic bacteria having the ability to produce two industrially important alkaline enzymes viz. alkaline protease and alkaline amylase. Looking to the increased demand of alkaline protease and alkaline amylase 3, 4 and 5 in detergent industry and in treatment of alkaline wastes, studies on the cost effective production of these enzymes Selleck GSK126 is essential. Multiple enzymes produced from a single organism can be a useful step in this direction. 6 The work undertaken deals with the concomitant production of alkaline protease and alkaline amylase by an alkalophilic bacterium viz. Bacillus agaradhaerens. This study focuses on phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis performed in order to establish the taxonomic position of the isolated strain of B. agaradhaerens. Alkalophilic bacteria were screened by enrichment culture technique from Z-VAD-FMK molecular weight diverse samples collected in and around the

city of Indore of Madhya Pradesh, India. These samples included soil, sewage and industrial effluents. The samples were inoculated in Horikoshi’s broth medium7 I, pH 10.0, containing (g %) glucose; 1.0, peptone; 0.5, yeast extract; 0.5, KH2PO4; 0.1, MgSO4; 0.02, Na2CO3 1.0 (separately sterilized), distilled water 100.0 ml, followed by isolation on Horikoshi’s agar medium these I (pH 10.0). Single colonies that developed after 48 h of incubation at 30 °C were isolated. The same medium was used for maintenance of the strains. The alkalophilic/alkalotolerant nature of isolates was determined by growing each isolate on

Horikoshi’s M-I (pH 7.0) agar medium and incubating at 30 °C for 24 h. Individual bacterial colonies obtained on Horikoshi’s M-I (pH 10.0) agar plates were evaluated for their proteolytic ability by measuring the zone of casein hydrolysis on milk agar medium, pH 10.0, containing (g %) peptone; 1.0, meat extract; 0.5, NaCl; 0.5, Na2CO3; 1.0, distilled water; 100.0 ml, agar; 2.0. Separately sterilized 10% skimmed milk and Na2CO3 were added to the sterilized nutrient agar base, cooled up to 45 °C. Likewise the amylolytic activity of the alkalophilic isolates was evaluated by measuring the zone of starch hydrolysis on starch agar medium, pH 10.0, containing (g %) starch; 2.0, peptone; 0.5, yeast extract; 0.1, KH2PO4; 0.2, MgSO4; 0.02, Na2CO3; 1.0, agar; 2.0, distilled water; 100.0 ml Na2CO3 was sterilized separately and mixed.

This manuscript was written jointly by the authors and was reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved by each coauthor. We acknowledge all who took part in this study and their families because without their participation this study would not have been possible. We also acknowledge all persons on the study teams at each site who assisted. In Ghana, we thank the Kasena Nankana District Health Management team for their support and assistance in the successful conduct of study and express our gratitude to Dr. Ernest Opoku, Dr. Michael Babayara, Ernest Sobe, Abdul Wahab, Susan Damanka and Belinda Lartey for various aspects of study conduct. In Kenya, we thank

Earnest Cook, Daveline Nyakundi, Janet Oyieko, Tony Sang and Allan Audi for contributions on oversight of various aspects

of study conduct. We express IOX1 nmr our appreciation to the following in Mali for contributing to the successful conduct of the trial: study coordinators Fadima Cheick Haidara, Fatoumata Diallo, Rokiatou Dembele; Mamoudou Kodio for vaccine management; field supervisors Moussa Doumbia, Oumou Traore Kone, Kindia Camara, and Glodie Doumbia; Uma Uduma Onwuchekwa, Boubacar Diallo, Kadiatou Kone, Mamadou B. Traore, and Oualy Diawara for overall data management and the numerous field workers. Conflict of interest statement: MC and MJD were employees of Merck when the clinical trial was conducted and owned equity in the company. RFB received travel support from PATH for a meeting on conduct of this study. GDC-0199 order The authors report no other conflicts of interest. “
“Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children, and is responsible for more than half a million deaths each year globally. Approximately 45% of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among infants and young children are associated with rotavirus [1] and [2]

and is responsible for nearly 5% of all deaths and 16% of potentially vaccine-preventable deaths in children <5 years [1] and [3]. It accounts for about 20,000 deaths each year in Bangladesh. Widespread use of safe and effective vaccines is needed to reduce the enormous public health burden posed by rotavirus. Two oral live rotavirus also vaccines have been prequalified by WHO for tender by UN agencies – RotaTeq® (Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) and Rotarix® (GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Rixensart, Belgium) [2], [4] and [5]. The WHO has recommended the inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in all national immunization programmes [6], and several countries, including Austria, Belgium, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Brazil, Panama, Australia, and the USA, have demonstrated a substantial reduction of hospitalizations or mortality, highlighting the public health benefit when the vaccine is provided through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] and [19].

A measure of aerobic exercise intensity was reported

in three studies. These programs used a Borg rating of perceived exertion scale to measure the intensity of the exercise intervention. One study of a balance rehabilitation intervention prescribed exercises that began at 11 (light) and progressed to 13 (somewhat hard) on the 6–20 Borg scale (Means et al 2005). In this study the balance intervention included strengthening, SCH727965 price stretching, postural control, walking and coordination exercises, and the Borg scale target was not specific to the balance exercises but rather a rating for the intensity of the exercise intervention in its entirety. A Borg scale was also used to rate the mental concentration demanded PR-171 mouse during Tai Chi exercise (Pereira et al 2008), with participants aiming for 1 or 2 on Borg’s Effort Subjective Perception (ESP) scale (Pereira et al 2008 p. 123). An article describing the ESP scale has not been published in English. The third study instructed participants to exercise at 7 to 8 on the 0–10 Borg scale during a strength and balance exercise program; again balance exercise intensity was not specifically targeted in this rating (Nelson et al

2004). The searches for instruments to measure balance exercise intensity yielded eight studies that reported seven outcome measures of interest. Scanning of reference lists yielded an additional instrument. Two of the instruments, the Activities of Balance Confidence scale (Powell and Myers 1995, Schepens et al 2010) and CONFbal (Simpson et al 2009) measure the construct of balance confidence (ie, the confidence of an individual to perform a particular task). Three of the instruments – the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti 1986), the Community Balance & Mobility scale (Howe et al 2006), and the Unified Balance Scale (La Porta et al 2011) – measure balance

performance but do not rate balance exercise intensity (ie, they measure how many of a hierarchical set of challenges can be performed rather than a rating of how difficult an individual finds it to perform a scale item). Two global balance ratings were identified (Howe et al 2006, Leahy 1991). One, the functional balance grades first described by Leahy (1991), Thalidomide is a general rating of the balance and mobility of an individual that does not measure the intensity of balance exercise but describes balance as normal, good, fair, poor, and zero with standard definitions. The second, described by Howe et al (2006), is a general rating of balance and mobility used in the process of validating the Community Balance & Mobility scale. Again it is not a measure of balance exercise intensity. No instruments to rate the intensity of balance exercise were identified. A substantial number of clinical trials investigating balance exercise were identified in this review.

2 and Table 4. Pain at the injection site was the most frequently reported solicited local AE. Following the first dose, it was reported by 72.7–83.8% of children in adjuvanted vaccine groups and by 44.5% of children in this website the non-adjuvanted vaccine group. Following booster vaccination, pain was again the most frequently reported solicited local symptom, reported for 61.5–79.4% of children who received the

adjuvanted vaccines and for 44.5% of children who received the non-adjuvanted vaccine. Overall, grade 3 solicited local AEs were reported for ≤3.0% of subjects following primary vaccination and ≤5.9% of subjects following booster vaccination. Following the first vaccine dose, fatigue (adjuvanted vaccines: 25.8–36.4% of children; non-adjuvanted vaccine: 26.4% of children), headache (adjuvanted vaccines: 25.8–39.7% of children; non-adjuvanted: 33.6% of children) and myalgia (adjuvanted vaccines: 24.2–32.4% of children; non-adjuvanted: 16.4% of children) were the most frequently reported solicited general AEs. The reporting of these AEs following the second vaccine dose was lowest for the non-adjuvanted vaccine (18.2%, 15.5% and 7.3% of children, respectively), and highest for the second dose of AS03B-adjuvanted 1.9 μg XL184 HA vaccine (23.5%, 39.7% and 26.5% of children, respectively). Following booster vaccination, fatigue (adjuvanted vaccines:

30.8–44.6% of children; non-adjuvanted vaccine: 17.3% of children), headache (adjuvanted vaccines: 35.4–47.1% of children; non-adjuvanted: 22.7% of children) and myalgia (adjuvanted vaccines: 24.6–29.2% of children; non-adjuvanted: 18.2% of children) were the most frequently reported solicited general AE. Grade 3 solicited general AEs were reported by ≤1.5% of children after the primary and booster vaccinations. Overall, 42.4–64.7% and 30.0–55.9% of solicited general AEs reported following primary and booster vaccination were considered by the investigators to be causally related to vaccination. At least one unsolicited AE was reported for 19.7–35.5% of children following primary vaccination and 4.4–10.8% of

children following booster vaccination (42-day follow-ups). At least one MAE was reported for 30.3–32.4% of children during the entire study period. Overall, at least one SAE was reported for 1.5–4.5% of children (10 SAEs in 10 subjects); Oxymatrine none were assessed as vaccination related. No pIMDs were identified. No concerning patterns in the clinical laboratory parameters were identified. ILI was reported for 12 children (2 in the AS03A-adjuvanted 3.75 μg HA vaccine group, 1 in the group receiving 1 priming dose of AS03B-adjuvanted 1.9 μg HA vaccine, 5 in the group receiving 2 priming doses of AS03B-adjuvanted 1.9 μg HA vaccine and 4 in non-adjuvanted 15 μg HA vaccine group). None were RT-qPCR positive for H1N1/2009 infection. The primary objective of the study was met.

Over two days there were

23 presentations and four breakout sessions, all of which contributed to contents and conclusions of this paper. One theme Autophagy activator throughout the meeting was the intersection of therapeutic and preventive vaccine research. Presentations by Drs. Harriet Robinson, Chil-Yong Kang, Pablo Tebas and Carol Weiss addressed the lessons that could be learned from preventive vaccines, and identified opportunities for collaboration between the two fields. The meeting began with a presentation by Dr. Yves Levy on the scientific rationale for therapeutic vaccines. The initial impetus for studying therapeutic HIV vaccines was based on the early, widely held view that HIV remained latent for a prolonged period before eventually emerging to cause AIDS. If there was a period of

viral quiescence, it was reasoned, it might allow for bolstering HIV-specific immunity and enhance prospects for continued viral containment with vaccination [1]. Enthusiasm for the idea has ebbed and flowed over the years, with initial optimism eroded by largely disappointing results from early clinical trials. Interest also declined with both the welcomed success of the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era with its ability to control viral load and transmission, ABT-199 chemical structure and the sobering finding that HIV compromises the immune system early in infection and continues to progressively damage it due to ongoing viral replication during the asymptomatic period [2]. Recent developments have provided new reasons to more rigorously pursue therapeutic HIV vaccine research. Chief among them is the renewed focus on curing HIV infection, and evidence from in vitro studies suggesting that therapeutic vaccination might be able to contribute to clearance of virus persisting in the presence of ART, which Urease suppresses viral load but does not eliminate latent viral reservoirs [3]. Drs. Galit Alter, Vidar Wendel-Hansen, Lucy Dorrell and Mike McCune discussed the immunologic responses that they believe

will be necessary for therapeutic HIV vaccines. Recent research indicates that there may be previously unexplored opportunities for manipulating immune responses, such as harnessing emerging information about innate immunity to develop improved vaccine adjuvants [4], exploiting antibody effector mechanisms [5], [6] and [7], anti-immune activation or exhaustion approaches [8] and [9], and regulatory T cell responses [10]. In many cases, interest in these areas overlaps work that is underway in the preventive vaccine field. The advent of combination ART largely shifted the goals of therapeutic vaccination toward delaying, simplifying or allowing intermittent ART treatment, although these objectives have varied depending on setting and the associated feasibility of access to lifelong ART.

Clearly, taken together, more can be learned from the experiences in LAC and SCC. Further research using methods such as dietary pattern scores is needed and could provide additional insights on the impacts of these food-based offerings or strategies on student eating behaviors. The LAUSD experience in LAC suggests that a multicomponent approach was beneficial for introducing, integrating, and supporting healthy food modifications to the SY 2011–12 menus. The “I’m IN” public education campaign, for example, augmented the student and parent taste testing by LAUSD by helping to prepare students for the new menu items that were introduced (Table 1). Age-appropriate

portion learn more sizes for some of the meal categories also enabled reductions in key nutrients without significant modifications to

food composition or taste. However, this latter action did contribute to unintended effects — e.g., the lowering of desirable nutrients such as protein and fiber. In addition, these complementary strategies do not necessarily improve nutrition for everyone. For instance, for those children whose energy intake is appropriate, simply reducing portion size does not alter the food selection or the composition of their diet, which may still be poor. Children can also compensate for lost energy Temsirolimus intake by consuming undesirable foods from other sources. School districts in the U.S. that are contemplating similar menu changes to their student meal program may find food-based menu planning more logistically feasible and in line with the USDA Final Rule (USDA, 2012). Protein, fiber, and other healthful nutrients are vital for ensuring proper nutrient intake among students and should be taken into account when making menu changes. Another factor to consider is children and adolescents who are not receiving adequate nutrient intake (i.e., poor

diet composition with excess energy intake). This can occur even among children who are obese, not just for those who are underweight. Moderately active children, ages 4–8, for example, need 1400–1600 kcal per day; those, ages 9–13, need 1800–2200 kcal per day. Sedentary children and adolescents require the lower end of this range (USDA, 2010). In LAC and SCC, the average Suplatast tosilate school meal caloric ranges were between 380 and 830 kcal per meal. Recognizing the influential role that taste can play in food selection, the LAUSD (in LAC) conducted 30,000 + taste tests prior to finalizing the menu for SY 2011–12 (Table 1). SCC took similar actions to improve the appeal of their new menu items to increase student receptivity (Mason et al., 2012). SCC school districts, for example, made changes to the formula of the school meals while concurrently providing public education to parents and students about the benefits of healthy eating (Table 1).

3, 4 and 5

Studies show that A. squamosa L. and its active principals possess wide pharmacological actions including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antirheumatic, antilipidemic BIBW2992 mouse and insecticide. 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 A fraction of total alkaloid from roots exhibits antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antihistaminic and bronchodilator properties. Leaves contain cardiotonic alkaloids, quinoline, squamone, and bullatacinone were selectively cytotoxic to human breast carcinoma. Two new compounds have been isolated & are reported in this paper which are 5-((6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol and (1R,3S)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-diol. These compounds are found to be antiulcer in nature. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their activity on Hydrogen Potassium ATPase enzyme and were compared with the omeprazole as the standard drug. Activity was found to be quite comparable. All chemicals used were of analytical grade. Twigs of A. squamosa PI3K Inhibitor Library order (6.0 Kg) were shade dried and finely powdered and placed for maceration with ethanol (18 L) and were kept at room temperature for 48 h. The macerated material was collected. This process of extraction was repeated for five times, till the plant material was extracted exhaustively. The total extract concentrated at 40–45 °C

and weighed. The extract weighed 520 g (8.66%). Ethanolic

extract (500 g) was taken and triturated with n-hexane (250 ml × 15), the hexane fraction concentrated under low pressure at 40 °C. After trituration with hexane the residue was triturated with chloroform mafosfamide (250 ml × 15), chloroform soluble fraction was evaporated under low pressure; weight of fraction obtained 95 g. After trituration with chloroform, residue was then kept in distilled water (2 L) and then it was fractionated with Aq. saturated n-butanol (500 ml × 10). This fraction was concentrated low pressure at 50 °C (15 g). Aqueous fraction also concentrated under low pressure at 45–50 °C (20 g). Repeated column chromatography was done on chloroform fraction in order to isolate the two new compounds viz. 5-((6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol and (1R,3S)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-diol. Melting point for compound no.1 is 194–196 °C, molecular formula is C20H25NO5, m/z obtained at 360.17. Compound no.2 which is characterized as (1R,3S)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1,3-diol has a melting point range of 124–126 °C, molecular formula is C12H17NO4, m/z obtained at 240.13. The chloroform fraction (95.0 g) was chromatographed on silica gel (60–120 mesh, 900 g), using hexane with increasing amount of chloroform and methanol as eluent.