The same factors were assessed in order to characterize insufficient excess weight loss (< 50% EWL).

Review of the medical records of 149 patients showed that type-2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were the most important factors related

to a lower EWL up to the third year. Preoperative weight loss, lower schooling, and lack of adherence to nutritional guidelines were important after 2 and 3 years. The presence of depression and lack of adherence to nutritional guidelines were the factors related to EWL of less than 50%.

Special attention and clarification should be provided to patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia and to patients with depression and lower schooling, since these patients tend to lose less excess weight after surgery. Multiprofessional care should also be provided so that the patients will follow nutritional guidelines more rigorously after surgery.”
“Severe heart failure in children is uncommon. Doramapimod clinical trial The anesthetic management of children with this condition is challenging. The authors aimed to identify the frequency with which anesthesia for short noncardiac surgical procedures or investigations was complicated by life-threatening hemodynamic instability and to describe the anesthetic techniques used. This study retrospectively reviewed the anesthetic charts and notes of children admitted acutely with a diagnosis of severe heart failure (fractional shortening of 15% or less) who SIS3 inhibitor received AZD1390 purchase general anesthesia for noncardiac

surgical or diagnostic interventions during the 3-year period from September 2005 to September 2008. In this study, 21 children received a total of 28 general anesthetics. Two patients (10%) experienced a cardiac arrest, and both required unplanned admission to the authors’ pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) postoperatively. A variety of anesthetic techniques was used. In 27 (96%) of the 28 cases, perioperative inotropic support was required. General anesthesia for children with severe heart failure is associated with a significant complication rate and should be administered by anesthetists familiar with managing all aspects of circulatory support for children in an appropriate setting.”
“Tonic spasms

have been most commonly associated with multiple sclerosis. To date, few reports of series of patients with neuromyelitis optica and tonic spasms have been published. Methods: We analyzed the characteristics and frequency of tonic spasms in 19 subjects with neuromyelitis optica. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire for tonic spasms, by both retrospectively reviewing medical records and performing clinical assessment. Results: All patients except one developed this symptom. The main triggering factors were sudden movements and emotional factors. Spasms were commonly associated to sensory disturbances and worsened during the acute phases of the disease. Carbamazepine was most commonly used to treat the symptom and patients showed good response to the drug.