(C) 2013, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose To identify vision Patient-Reported Outcomes instruments relevant to glaucoma and assess their content validity.

Methods MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE and SCOPUS (to January 2009) were systematically

searched. Observational studies or randomised controlled trials, published in English, reporting use of vision instruments in glaucoma studies involving adults were included. In addition, reference lists were scanned to identify additional studies describing development and/or validation to ascertain the final selleck products version of the instruments. Instruments’ content was then mapped onto a theoretical framework, the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Two reviewers independently evaluated studies for inclusion and quality assessed instrument content.

Results Thirty-three instruments were identified. Instruments were categorised into thirteen vision status, two vision disability, one vision satisfaction, five glaucoma status, one glaucoma medication related Staurosporine ic50 to health status, five glaucoma medication side effects and six glaucoma medication satisfaction measures according to each instruments’ content. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25, Impact of Vision Impairment

and Treatment Satisfaction Survey-Intraocular Pressure had the highest number of positive ratings in the content validity assessment.

Conclusion This study provides a descriptive catalogue of vision-specific PRO instruments, to inform the Selleck ERK inhibitor choice of an appropriate measure of patient-reported outcomes in a glaucoma context.”
“The electric field effects on bound polarons in polar quantum wires with a finite confining potential are studied by a variational method. Both the confined bulk longitudinal optical phonons and the interface optical phonons are taken into account in considering the electron-phonon as well as the impurity-ion

phonon couplings. The binding energies are calculated as functions of the transverse dimension of the quantum wire, and the donor-impurity position for different electric fields. The numerical results for the GaAs quantum wire are given and discussed as an example. A peak of the binding energy is found at a certain radius and shift toward a larger radius with applying an electric field. The calculated results confirm that the electron-phonon interaction reduces both the binding energies of impurity states and the Stark shifts and cannot be neglected.”
“The n-GaAs homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) far-infrared (FIR) detector is investigated to improve the quantum efficiency by simulation.