By comparison, the transcript level of ZmHATB reached the maximal value at 96 h which was 2. 8, while the tran script level of ZmGCN5 reached selleck chem inhibitor the max imal value at 4 h which was 3. 3. High salinity selectively affects the expression Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the cell wall related genes Growth is a process of an increase in cell numbers and cell volumes. The cell enlargement is accomplished by simultaneous vacuolar enlargement and irreversible cell wall expansion. Expansins are proteins involved in cell wall loosening. XET has been proposed as a po tential protein for cell wall extension. The plasma membrane proton pump can pump protons from the cytosol into the apoplast, resulting in cell wall loosening and cell expansion.

The above anatomy experiment showed that roots were swollen due to cell radial enlargement in the elongation zone after high salinity treatment, so we wanted to know whether the expression of these cell wall related genes was affected. To further analyze the temporal expression patterns of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries these genes, time course analysis by RT PCR was performed. Six day old maize seedlings were ex posed to 200 mM NaCl, and maize root samples were harvested after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h for RNA isolation. The mRNA levels of the tested genes were normalized with respect to the level of the beta actin gene, whose transcription level was stable in maize under salt stress. Previous work identified four expansin Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries genes highly expressed in the maize roots, namely the two expansins, ExpA1 and ExpA5, and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries two B expansins, ExpB2 and ExpB4.

The expression pat tern of ZmExpA3 is not consistent with that of ZmExpA1, and ZmExpA3 has a role in wall loosening for shoot cell elongation under salt stress. ExpB1 is a gene particularly expressed in pollen, and as one of the group 1 allergens, has a wall loosening role, aiding pene tration of the pollen tube through the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries stigma and style by softening the maternal cell walls. So we analyzed the expression of three expansin genes, ZmExpA1, ZmExpA3 and ZmExpA5, three B expansin genes, ZmExpB1, ZmExpB2 and ZmExpB4, and the ZmXET1 and ZmMHA genes in maize roots. Our data showed that the transcript levels of ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPA3, ZmEXPA5, ZmEXPB1, ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 were re markably increased from 2 to 96 h after exposure to high salinity treatment.

The ZmEXPA1, selleck chemical ZmEXPA3, ZmEXPA5, ZmEXPB1 and ZmEXPB2 mRNA levels began to substantially accumulate after 2 h of salt stress, and the ZmEXPA1, ZmEXPA3 and ZmEXPB2 mRNA levels were substan tially and steadily increased from 2 h to 96 h after the treatment, while ZmEXPA5 was substantially increased from 2 h to 24 h after the treatment but slightly increased from 48 h to 96 h. The ZmEXPB1 were substantially increased at 2, 4, 8, 96 h and slightly increased at 16, 48 h but decreased at 24 h.