649,SE 0.113 than controls.However,we did not find any significant change in the protein levels of GABAA2,GABAA3,and GABAA��2 in ASD sub jects as compared to controls.To deter mine whether GABAA1 downregulation occurred at high throughput screening the mRNA level,we examined the GABAA1 mRNA ex ANCOVA,covariates,age,storage Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries interval,RNA integrity number demonstrated no main effect of affection status,F 0.056,P 0.82,��2p 0.003.The main effects of age 4.26,P 0.053,��2p 0.183 storage interval 2.61,P 0.123,��2p 0.12 and RNA integrity number 1.25,P 0.277,��2p 0.062 were not statistically significant.No significant correlation was found between the mRNA or protein expression of GABAA1 and the confounding variables,such as age at death,PMI,re frigeration interval,brain pH,or RNA integrity.

In addition,we did not observe any association between the ASD diagnostic scores and GABAA1 mRNA Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries or protein in ASD subjects.These results indicate that GABAA1 levels are lower in the middle frontal gyrus of ASD subjects,which occurred at the post translational level.GABAA1 levels are regulated through ubiquitin proteasomal degradation It is known that proteasome mediated degradation of cellu lar proteins including molecules involved in neuroplasticity is a critical mechanism for the post translational regulation of protein turnover.Given that the GABAA1 down regulation in the ASD subjects occurred at the post translational level,we examined whether proteasomal degradation would play a major role in this process.

To examine whether GABAA1s are degraded by proteasomes,we treated cultured primary Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries cortical neurons for 9 h with the proteasomal inhibitors,lactacystin or MG132,and de termined proteasome activity and GABAA1 protein levels.We found significant reductions in proteasome activity fol lowing treatment with MG132 and lactacystin in neurons.In addition,both MG132 and lactacystin significantly increased GABAA1 protein levels as compared to vehicle treated neurons.Next,we examined whether increasing proteasome activity could decrease GABAA1 protein levels in neurons.We treated cultured primary cortical neurons for 9 h with a proteasome activator,betulinic acid,and determined the GABAA1 protein levels.The treatment with betulinic acid significantly decreased GABAA1 protein levels in cortical neurons.These findings suggest that Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries proteaso mal degradation plays an important role in the regulation of GABAA1 receptors in neurons.

An important step in the proteasomal degradation path way is the formation of an ubiquitin protein conjugate.The ubiquitination leads to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the covalent binding of ubiquitin ligase to the target molecule and subsequent degradation of the molecule by the different 26 S proteasome.Specifically,Lys 48 linked poly ubiquitination is most commonly associated with proteins targeted for proteaso mal degradation.We found an interaction between GABAA1 and Lys48 ubiquitin in cortical neurons sug gesting a possible Lys48 linked polyubiquitination of GABAA1 in neurons.