The results are intuitive: lower targets depict fewer areas as being of high importance compared to high targets,

and medium clump size solutions shows smaller areas highlighted than those with large clump size (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). Despite having different target ranges, the expert-set and Project Team-set target ranges (medium, high) show similar patterns and areas as being important for conservation. Targets were met 95% of the time or better. The expert recommended targets ranged up to 100%, and features targeted at this level were underrepresented more often than others. Data richness layers for the six categories of human uses show that all, except for shipping and transport, are closely linked to the shoreline and continental shelf (Fig. 7). As expected, the Marxan results closely mirror the data richness

layers, with check details areas of higher data richness selected more frequently in Marxan. The human Epacadostat cell line use sectors had concerns about the limitations of the input data (see discussion), and did not want the results published; hence the maps are not included. Overlapping the footprint of one example solution of an ecological Marxan scenario with the footprint of each of the six human use sectors showed that all sectors utilise areas that appear in the Marxan solution as areas of high conservation value. The percentage of the Marxan solution that overlapped the sector use footprints ranged from 92% (i.e., 92% of planning units selected by Marxan also contain commercial fisheries) Cetuximab price to 3%. Conversely, the area of each

sector footprint that overlapped with the example Marxan solution ranged from 18% to 23% (Table 1). The BCMCA project’s multi-year effort to collate existing data, augment existing datasets by making additional and new data available, and provide examples of Marxan analyses, has made available an impressive resource for marine planners and stakeholders in British Columbia and elsewhere. The project attempted to follow best practices for data analysis [22] for not only ecological conservation scenarios, but also for involving stakeholder groups and integrating human use data into analyses [23] and [24]. These data and supporting Marxan analyses may also have utility for habitat mangers, marine ecologists, oil spill response teams, coarse scale environmental assessments and marine protected area design—all applications beyond the project’s intent to support MSP efforts. It provides a successful example of a collaborative effort to move ahead with preparatory work for marine planning without requiring the mandate to carry out the planning, a situation that likely applies to many other regions where marine planning has not been initiated. While data collation is time-intensive, although relatively straightforward, the experience of the BCMCA project with Marxan analyses highlights several lessons that may be of interest to similar endeavours elsewhere.