“
“Objective.
Chinese is the most commonly spoken language in the world, and back pain is as prevalent in China as it is elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of measures in Chinese to evaluate back pain treatment. We assemble a set of Chinese measures to evaluate outcomes in diverse domains. A set of measures is necessary, because measures in one domain may vary independently from measures in another. Chinese measures are in four domains: pain intensity, global rating of improvement, physical disability, and emotional functioning. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) represents
the domain of physical disability, and both the World Health Organization Five-Item Well-being Index (WHO-5) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D depression
scale) represent the domain of emotional functioning.
Design.
Measures were cross-culturally adapted into Chinese. The development LEE011 of Chinese versions of the this website ODI, the WHO-5, and the CES-D entailed psychometric evaluation. Additionally, we administered the previously validated Chinese SF-36 to evaluate the validity of measures in our set.
Setting.
The western-style Pain Clinic and the Acupuncture Clinic of West China Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan Province).
Patients.
Eighty-six patients with nonspecific back pain.
Results.
We found no significant differences between patients from the Pain Clinic and those from the Acupuncture Clinic. For the ODI, the CES-D, and the WHO-5, we evaluated the psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and ceiling and floor effects. We found these properties to be good to excellent.
Conclusions.
In the
Appendix (available online, in supplemental materials for this article), we present the West China Hospital set of measures in Chinese to evaluate back pain treatment.”
“Canalicular adenoma (CA) is a rare, benign epithelial neoplasm of the salivary glands. Historically considered to be a variant of basal cell adenoma, this “”monomorphic” adenoma has a distinct clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical profile. The putative cell of origin remains a topic of debate. A combination selleck compound of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural analyses have been employed to determine histogenesis, but the interpretations of these studies have implicated multiple different cell types along the salivary gland duct as the cell of origin. The authors sought to further characterize CA using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and special and immuno-stains on 7 cases. Their morphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings support a cell of origin demonstrating features of both the intercalated duct cells and the striated duct luminal epithelial cells.”
“One important differential diagnosis of facial erythema in a patient receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) is acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).