Juncker AS, Willenbrock H, Von Heijne G, Brunak S, Nielsen H, Krogh A: Prediction of lipoprotein signal peptides in Gram-negative bacteria. Protein Sci. 2003,12(8):1652–1662.PubMedCrossRef selleckchem 57. Setubal JC, Reis M, Matsunaga J, Haake DA: Lipoprotein

computational prediction in spirochaetal genomes. Microbiology (Reading, England) 2006,152(Pt 1):113–121.CrossRef 58. Bhandari P, Gowrishankar J: An Escherichia coli host strain useful for efficient overproduction of cloned gene products with NaCl as the inducer. J. Bacteriol. 1997,179(13):4403–4406.PubMed 59. Oliveira TR, Longhi MT, de Morais ZM, Romero EC, Blanco RM, Kirchgatter K, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL: Evaluation of leptospiral recombinant antigens MPL17 and MPL21 for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2008,15(11):1715–1722.PubMedCrossRef 60. Pathirana RD, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Veith PD, Riley PF, Reynolds EC: Characterization of proteinase-adhesin complexes of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbiology (Reading, England) 2006,152(Pt 8):2381–2394.CrossRef 61. Lin YP, Lee DW, McDonough SP, Nicholson LK, Sharma Y, Chang YF: Repeated domains of leptospira immunoglobulin-like proteins interact with elastin and tropoelastin. J. Biol. Chem. 2009,284(29):19380–19391.PubMedCrossRef Author’s contributions

RFD performed the molecular cloning studies, protein expression, ECM assays and animal AZD2171 immunizations. MLV carried out the PLG assays and help with the manuscript. ECR evaluated MAT of the collection serum samples. APG and ZMM were responsible for bacteria growth, identification and virulence strain maintenance. SAV participated in the design of the study and help drafted the manuscript. ALTON conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All DOCK10 authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridium difficile infection

(CDI) are frequent complications of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. In a large prospective multicenter study, AAD was observed in 4.9% of the patients (1.8%-6.9%) receiving long-term antibiotic treatment with > 50% of patients showing positive testing for C. difficile toxin B [1]. The incidence of CDI is still increasing [2, 3] and the disease is complicated by the occurrence of virulent and pathogenic C. difficile ribotypes associated with higher morbidity and mortality, which are responsible for CDI outbreaks worldwide [4]. The increasing incidence and mortality associated with the CDI and the significant rate of treatment failures and recurrences with current antibiotics Elafibranor molecular weight emphasize the role of preventative strategies. Probiotics are promising agents in the prevention of AAD and CDI. Originally they were used in the therapy of AAD and CDI and for regeneration of intestinal microbiota after antibiotic treatment.