Brain transcriptome and clustering analyses indicated that the three drugs have both common and specific molecular signatures. The correlation between specific EEG and gene-expression signatures suggests that the neuronal pathways activated to stay awake vary among drugs and genetic background. Neuropsychopharmacology (2009) 34, 1625-1640; doi:10.1038/npp.2009.3; published online 4 February 2009″
“Purpose: Urodynamics have been traditionally
recorded in anesthetized or conscious animals implanted Selleckchem Fedratinib with a bladder catheter that is used to artificially fill the bladder while measuring intravesicular bladder pressure. Anesthesia alters the urodynamics and in the conscious state this methodology requires that the dogs be tethered/restrained, which evokes stress and limits the period of continuous urodynamic assessment. A more physiological and chronic method of evaluating pharmacological responses on urodynamics is necessary.
Materials and Methods: Adult female beagle dogs were surgically instrumented with radiotelemetry transmitters enabling urodynamic/hemodynamic recordings. Telemetered urodynamics were compared to those measured in anesthetized dogs receiving bladder infusion of saline. The response to diuresis with furosemide (Intervet, Millsboro, Delaware) and the M3 selective antimuscarinic
darifenacin (Matrix Laboratories, Hyderabad, India) were evaluated.
Results: Saline infused, anesthetized dogs demonstrated VX-770 supplier lower peak micturition pressure and higher threshold pressure than conscious, 8-Bromo-cAMP clinical trial freely moving telemetered dogs. In telemetered dogs a single dose of furosemide increased voiding frequency and average urine volume per void. Darifenacin decreased peak voiding pressure without
affecting voiding frequency.
Conclusion: Telemetry provides the potential to significantly decrease animal use while enabling the continuous monitoring of urodynamics under more physiological conditions without tethering or artificial filling. In addition, this new model facilitates evaluation of the chronic efficacy of new urological therapies.”
“Prospective memory refers to the realization of delayed intentions. Several studies have shown that 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) users perform worse on measures of prospective memory as compared to nondrug users. Interpretation of these data may be limited because of polydrug use, psychosocial stressors, and increased psychopathology that have been reported in MDMA users. This study was designed to directly assess the pharmacological effect of MDMA on prospective memory and brain activity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Twelve recreational MDMA users received MDMA 75 mg and placebo and performed an objective prospective memory task during functional imaging.