At optimized conditions,

the maximum grafting efficiency and grafting ratio was similar to 50% and 51%, respectively with the presence of AM, whereas they decreased to check details 19% and 23%, respectively, without the presence of AM. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that as-resulted graft copolymer had a lower thermal stability than homopolymer PVA. FTIR and (1)H-NMR confirmed chemical structure of as-synthesized graft copolymer. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 3954-3962, 2009″
“In order to better utilize a fish by-product, the enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna liver was performed using commercially available proteases such as Flavourzyme, Alcalase, Protamex, and Neutrase. The hydrolysates were prepared as both first step hydrolysates and second step hydrolysates. The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysates was determined by size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, which analyzed a representative hydrolysate type with a weight range of 1000-3000 Da. The antioxidant activities of the tuna liver hydrolysates against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

(DPPH). hydroxyl radical, and GSK1120212 research buy hydrogen peroxide, along with a reducing power assay, showed that the second step hydrolysates had more potent antioxidant activity than the first

step hydrolysates. However, the first step hydrolysates exhibited more effective chelating activity. Furthermore, the protection ability of the hydrolysates toward hydroxyl radical-induced oxidative DNA damage was evaluated by measuring the conversion of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA to the open circular form. In addition, an angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition assay revealed that SN-38 chemical structure all hydrolysates had similar ACE-inhibitory properties. These findings suggest that tuna liver hydrolysates may be a beneficial ingredient to use in functional foods. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An investigation was undertaken on application of dilute chitosan solutions modified by tyrosinase-catalyzed reaction with 3,4-dihydroxyphenetylamine (dopamine) to adhesion of the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plates surface-grafted with hydrophilic monomers. Tensile shear adhesive strength effectively increased with an increase in the grafted amount for methacrylic acid-grafted and acrylic acid-grafted LDPE (LDPE-g-PMAA and LDPE-g-PAA) plates. In particular, substrate breaking was observed at higher grafted amounts for LDPE-g-PAA plates. The increase in the amino group concentration of the chitosan solutions and molecular mass of the chitosan samples led to the increase in adhesive strength.