Also, due to

the risk of hemorrhage, postbiopsy imaging was recommended. Imaging Traditionally, the follow-up of renal masses has relied heavily on CT. However, there is increasing concern about the adverse consequences of radiation exposure. Although MRI is an alternative, both techniques may be problematic for patients with renal insufficiency (eg, after partial nephrectomy). To avoid these issues, there has been investigation into the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.11 The contrast agents used for this technique are not nephrotoxic, and the identification Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of concerning features (eg, septae, enhancing nodules) could then trigger additional evaluation. Additional prospective studies on this technique are Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical necessary to better assess its performance characteristics compared with the more traditional modalities. Technology Assessment Because this meeting Rapamycin WY-090217 emphasized novel techniques in urologic surgery, there was significant discussion about technology assessment. The Innovation, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-Term Evaluation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (IDEAL)

guidelines were presented as a stepwise approach to evaluate a new technology, whereby evidence from case series is ultimately replaced with prospective technique development studies and later registries.12 Surgical Education As surgical technique continues to evolve, teaching Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the vast array of skills presents new challenges for residency and fellowship training. To this end, a novel online teaching tool was presented that includes a video library of surgical procedures (www.onlinemasterclass.com). In a format similar to the Choose Your Own Adventure books, participants must choose the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical next step in management of complex surgical

situations. The results of these choices are then shown with video, facilitating a more interactive learning process for surgical decision making. At the completion of the exercise, participants are provided with a report card providing useful feedback on areas for improvement. World Congress of Endourology 2012 The 30th annual World Congress of Endourology will be held in Istanbul, Turkey, from September 4–8, 2012. The theme of the congress will be bridging science and technology.
In recent decades, infertility has Cilengitide impacted an increasing number of couples. Approximately 10% of couples in the PF01367338 United States are defined as infertile based on the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.1,2 In addition to the increased rates of obesity and medical illness found in reproductive-aged women, intentionally delayed childbearing is a trend among professional couples.3 In the United States since 1980, the birth rate in women older than age 35 years increased by nearly 60%, whereas the birth rate for women aged 20 to 34 years increased by only 10%.