A statistically significant increase in rs1799724 CC genotype was found in MS patients than in controls, while rs1799724 CT genotype showed a significant negative correlation with patients with MS. No differences in the distribution of rs1800629 and rs361525 alleles

were observed. None of the three polymorphisms (rs1800629, rs361525 and rs1799724) showed relation with disease. Significant difference of rs1799724 CC genotype was identified with the low disease this website index. Thus, rs1799724 CC genotype may cause susceptibility to MS in the Turkish population. TNF-β and TNF-α gene (rs1800629 and rs361525) polymorphisms and susceptibility to MS were determined in Caucasian patients with MS, and healthy controls from Norway [79]. TNF-β genotypes were significantly associated with MS. TNF-α genotypes were not associated with MS. Huizinga et al. [80], reported TNF-α promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in different groups of patients. TNF-α production in whole blood cultures upon stimulation with LPS was determined in individuals from 61 families. Highest TNF production is characterised in three families, and in contrast, the lowest TNF

production is characterised in three families. The difference of highest and lowest TNF production could not be attributed to the promoter polymorphism rs1800629, rs361525 or rs1800750, Selleckchem PF 2341066 although rs361525 GA donors produced low TNF upon culture with endotoxin compared with TNF rs361525 GG donors. The frequency of the rs361525 GG genotype was increased in patients with MS in a nursing home compared to patients with MS in an outpatient’s clinic or Dutch controls. TNF-α rs1800629 and rs361525 polymorphisms have no association

with MS, but the microsatellite allele a11 is associated with the disease in French patients [81]. In French patients with MS and controls, TNF-α rs1800629 and rs361525 and a microsatellite polymorphisms were investigated. TNF-α rs1800629 and rs361525 polymorphisms have shown no significant differences between patients with MS and controls. Very significant association was found between allele frequency for the a11 allele TCL and MS. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of systemic autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis has both environmental and genetic background, with genetic factors contributing 15–30% of the overall risk. The genetic studies have given different associations in different populations. The TNF +488A have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis [82], while TNF +489 polymorphism does not contribute to susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Europeans. In Caucasian TNF, rs1800629 polymorphism is not associated with response to TNF-α blockers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and does not serve as a genetic risk factor for RA susceptibility and severity in Americans.