0, serially diluted up to 10-5 and transferred see more by using a metal replicator on agar plates. (Right panel) After incubation at 37°C for 4-5 days for aerobic

cultures, or incubation for 2 weeks in an AnaeroGen gas pack system at 37°C followed by incubation under aerobic condition at 37°C for 4-5 days, plates were compared. B) Individual screening of 6 selected mutants. Each clone was grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented with glucose 0,2% until OD600nm = 1.0, serially diluted up to 10-5 and transferred by using a metal replicator on agar plates. Clones 1, 3 and 6 were considered as moderately affected clones. Clone 2 was considered as severely affected. ND = Non Diluted culture Library screening and isolation of M. BYL719 purchase smegmatis mutants with impaired dormancy behavior upon hypoxia and low carbon availability Ten thousand clones of a transposon library containing more than 20,000 mutants and covering the majority of the M. smegmatis gene pool [13] were screened as described above to isolate mutants unable to survive a prolonged exposure to low oxygen tension and low carbon availability. The screening allowed

us to isolate a total of 278 insertion mutants unable to survive these conditions. Each clone was serially diluted to further confirm the observed phenotype (see a 6-clone sample plate in Figure 2B). During individual screening, 21 clones sensitive to hypoxia and low carbon availability were isolated and divided MM-102 solubility dmso in two groups: the first group included 8 clones that were

completely unable to survive and, therefore, defined as severely affected (S); the second group included the remaining 13 clones that were only partially affected and, therefore, defined as moderately affected (M) (Figure 2B). Most likely, these mutants are unable to either enter or exit the dormant state. In order to identify the sites of transposon insertions, the genomic DNA of all clones was extracted, digested with the SalI restriction enzyme and used as template in Ligated Mediated (LM)-PCR Thiamet G reactions [21]. Using this approach, we were able to map the site of transposon insertion of 13 M mutants and 3 S mutants (Table 1). In two independent mutants, here named S1 and S2, the transposon insertion mapped in different positions of the uvrA gene (Table 1). The uvrA gene encodes the UvrA protein that belongs to the nucleotide excision repair system (NER). As the two mutants showed identical phenotypes, S1 was chosen for further characterization. Table 1 Genes disrupted in M and S mutants identified ( LM)-PCR Clone name3 M. smegmatis mc2155b Gene product/function Insertion sitec M.