14 The benefits of omega-3 supplementation on wet AMD consistently have been recognized in multiple observational studies,19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 and although null results have been reported in a well-nourished nutrient-supplementing

cohort with moderate to high risk of AMD progression,24 a clearer understanding of the impact of omega-3 supplementation on wet AMD could prove beneficial for streamlining therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, a number of fundamental studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega-3 metabolites DHA and EPA on pathologic angiogenesis.25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 Based on the current experimental and epidemiologic data linking omega-3 LCPUFAs and their potential

AZD2014 manufacturer beneficial role in angiogenesis, the purpose of the present pilot trial was to investigate the influence of omega-3 supplementation on VEGF-A levels in the vitreous of patients undergoing anti-VEGF treatment for wet AMD. This pilot, prospective, randomized, open-label, single-center clinical trial, consecutive, interventional case series was conducted between February and August 2011. The study conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital affiliated with the University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and is a registered trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01819415). Sixty-three patients were screened for the study. Bumetanide Forty patients were deemed eligible participants and were enrolled at the Department of Ophthalmology selleck Clinic, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal,

after providing written informed consent (Figure 1). Three cohorts consisted of active wet AMD patients (10 per group) who were eligible for anti-VEGF treatment (bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 mL). They were compared with a non-AMD group with epiretinal membrane (ERM) or macular hole (MH; Figure 1). All participants were nonsmokers with regular consumption less than 1 serving of fish intake per week, according to a food-frequency questionnaire applied during recruitment.30 Patients with wet AMD manifesting new thick submacular hemorrhage and those with treatment other than anti-VEGF or other anti-VEGF drugs within the last 3 months of study entry were ineligible. Twenty patients with active wet AMD who had undergone prior anti-VEGF treatment were divided in 2 groups and were randomized to receive oral supplementation as follows: 1. Group 1 (n = 10): Vitalux plus Omega-3 (Alcon, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) 4 capsules/day; a formula containing the antioxidants β-carotene (5728 μg), vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), zinc (25 mg), and copper (1 mg), as well as lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), and omega 3 (1052 mg fish oil from Libraries sardine, mackerel, and anchovy [200 mg of DHA and 400 mg of EPA]).