For example, the child that screams in the grocery store may be bothered by the fluorescent lights or by the AZD8055 in vivo loudness in the store. Indeed, Reese, Richman, Zarcone, and Zarcone52 reported that attempts to escape uncomfortable sensory situations explained disruptive behavior in 14% of the children with ASD in their sample. Clinically, atypical sensory processing has been attributed to three overlapping dimensions—hyperresponsiveness,

hyporesponsiveness, and sensory seeking. However, little research has supported these dimensions. Recently, Brock and colleagues53 identified Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical sensory hyporesponsiveness in preschool-aged children with ASD. Despite the fact that it is commonly recognized that challenging behaviors are often exacerbated by atypical sensory processing Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in children with ASD, very little intervention research has been conducted in this area. Lang and colleagues54 conducted a review of all research on sensory integration therapy (SIT). Only three of 25 studies included Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in the review considered SIT to be an effective therapy based on posttreatment measures. In contrast, 14 of the studies saw no improvement in children with ASD who had received SIT. Thus, to date the most effective approaches for decreasing

behavior problems due to sensory sensitivities may be aimed at reducing the anxiety that Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical usually arises as a result of these sensitivities. Other considerations for utilizing caregiver-mediated behavioral interventions It is important to consider family social and cultural factors that may impact the successful use of caregivermediated approaches. The requirements of an intervention approach often conflict with the caregiver’s other time demands including workplace, siblings, spouse, and extended family. Further

family cultural values must be considered, as any attempt to modify the caregiver’s behavior without attending to cultural factors may be ineffective.7 Further, the chronicity of ASD and its impact of caregiver stress should be considered. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Because behavior problems often arise from the underlying symptoms of ASD, caregivers are likely to face a lifetime of behavior management challenges. Thus, it is important to consider the impact of long-term caregiver stress on effective intervention implementation.12 Indeed, raising a child with ASD DNA ligase is associated with higher levels of caregiver stress and psychological distress than raising a child with typical development or a child with another developmental disability.55 Weiss and colleagues55 reported that the relationship between child behavior problems and parent mental health is mediated by psychological acceptance. That is, those parents who were able to accept the challenges of living with a child with ASD showed fewer negative mental health consequences.