In isolated human aortic valve interstitial cells, our purpose wa

In isolated human aortic valve interstitial cells, our purpose was to determine the effect of irradiation on the production of osteogenic factors: (1) bone morphogenetic protein 2, (2) osteopontin, (3)

alkaline phosphatase, and (4) the transcription factor Runx2.

Methods: Human aortic valve interstitial cells were isolated from normal aortic valves obtained from explanted hearts of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation (n = 4) and were grown in culture. The cells were grown to confluence, irradiated with 10 Gy using a cesium-137 irradiator, and then lysed 24 hours after irradiation. Cell lysates were analyzed via immunoblot and densitometry for bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, with P<.05 indicating significance.

Results: Irradiation induced an osteogenic phenotype in human aortic valve this website interstitial cells. Irradiation induced a 2-fold

increase in bone morphogenetic protein 2, a 7-fold increase in osteopontin, a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase, and a 2-fold increase in Runx2.

Conclusions: Radiation induces an osteogenic phenotype in human aortic valve interstitial cells. The irradiated cells had a significantly increased expression of the osteogenic factors bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, Torin 2 mouse and Runx2. These data offer mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of radiation-induced valvular heart disease. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;144:1466-70)”
“Glycosidases, the enzymes responsible in nature for the catabolism of carbohydrates, are well-studied catalysts widely used in industrial biotransformations and oligosaccharide synthesis, selleck kinase inhibitor which are also attractive targets for drug development.

Glycosidases from hyperthermophilic organisms (thriving at temperatures > 85 degrees C) are also interesting models to understand the molecular basis of protein stability and to produce robust tools for industrial applications. Here, we review the results obtained in the last two decades by our group on a beta-glycosidase from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Our findings will be presented in the general context of the stability of proteins from hyperthermophiles and of the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides.”
“Objective: A better understanding of the response of the spinal cord blood supply to segmental artery (SA) sacrifice should help minimize the risk of paraplegia after both open and endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) aneurysms.

Methods: Twelve female juvenile Yorkshire pigs were randomized into 3 groups and perfused with a barium-latex solution. Pigs in group 1 (control) had infusion without previous intervention. Pigs in group 2 were infused 48 hours after ligation of all SAs (T4-L5) and those in group 3 at 120 hours after ligation.

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